Annotation: The article discusses some of the challenges of ensuring the security of artificial intelligence systems related to the quality of data for machine learning. It provides a brief analysis of the current standard that defines processes at all stages of the data lifecycle. The article also offers some recommendations for ensuring the security of artificial intelligence systems (AIS) during the implementation of data lifecycle processes.

Annotation: The article examines the urgent problem of updating the regulatory and technical framework for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) in the context of the digital transformation of the transport complex of the Russian Federation. The aim of the work is to identify key challenges and propose the contours of a new ITS architectural paradigm adequate to current technological trends. The methods used include an analysis of the development and updating of standardization documents carried out by the Federal State Institution "ROSDORNII", as well as a study of strategic regulatory documents. The main drivers of change have been identified: the emergence of highly automated vehicles (HAVs), the development of cooperative systems (C-ITS) and dynamic digital road traffic maps (DDRTMs), the formation of the National ITS Network, and the implementation of cross-cutting technologies (AI, IoT). Problem areas of the current standardization system have been identified: terminological fragmentation, outdated architectural boundaries, and the lack of holistic requirements for safety and testing. As a result, a multi-layered architecture is proposed, encompassing the service, functional, physical, communication, and organizational layers. It is shown that the updated draft standards systematically address the identified issues, ensuring the integration of new technologies, scalability, interoperability, and strengthened information security requirements. The work demonstrates that modernizing ITS standards is a strategic objective aimed at establishing a methodological foundation for the future transport ecosystem of the Russian Federation, thereby contributing to its technological sovereignty, safety, and efficiency.

Annotation: The article is devoted to the problematic issues of ensuring the security of intelligent transport systems (ITS). The current landscape of ITS security threats, its dynamic nature, causes of variability and expansion trends are considered. The shift in the vector of acts of illegal interference in the processes of ITS development and operation from the physical to the non-physical sphere is shown. Examples of acts of illegal interference of a non-physical nature and trends in this area of ITS security are given. The basic architecture of ITS has been developed, a general description of its elements is given. The influence of ITS on various areas of security, including the security of critical information infrastructure, transport security, and national security in general has been studied. A model of relationships between ITS security areas is presented. An example of the composition of typical ITS objects that affect the security of critical information infrastructure, transport and national security in Russia is given. The current challenges to ITS security caused by the dependence of the processes of development, implementation and operation of software, hardware, software and hardware systems, computer technologies, hardware and software platforms on supplies from abroad are considered. The article shows the prerequisites for the slowdown in the country's scientific and technological development due to dependence on imports and disruptions in foreign supply chains. It defines the need to create a trusted environment for the development and operation of ITS. It is proposed to supplement the composition of ITS security criteria with the "trust" criterion. Presents the principles of creating a trusted environment for the development and operation of ITS based on the experience of creating domestic automated systems in a secure design. The research results presented in the article are aimed at increasing the level of technological sovereignty of ITS, the consistency and quality of solving the problems of ensuring the security of the development and operation of ITS, reducing the risk of negative consequences when committing acts of illegal interference of a non-physical nature.

Annotation: The article presents the results of a study on the problem of interoperability of components of the competent laboratory management system (QM) in the process of digital transformation. The problem of interoperability is an important aspect of automation of laboratory processes that requires an integrated approach and special scientific and methodological study both at the stage of LIMS implementation and in the future of interaction with various external digital ecosystems. The object of study in this paper is QM in the context of digital transformation. The subject of the study is the interoperability of QM components in the integration of digital standardization elements. The objective of this work is to quantify the semantic interoperability of QM components as a characteristic of the total value potential when designing a digital reference for a competent laboratory management system. The key tasks of the work include: to identify the critical entities of the research object in the current and prospective states; to clarify the parameters of ensuring and risk factors for disruption of the interoperability of the management system components; to conduct primary structural and functional (ontological) modeling of the subject area of the research object; determination of the conditional value potential of the projected QM based on a quantitative assessment of the semantic interoperability of the management system components. The following methods were used to solve the tasks set: analysis of publications on the research topic; expert analysis of the regulatory framework; analysis of the object and subject of research from the perspective of system analysis; structural and functional (ontological) modeling of QM; matrix-expert method for quantifying the semantic interoperability of management system components.

Annotation: The article presents a systematic review of modern diagnostic methods for robotic systems (RTCs). The key domestic and international standards that ensure the unity of requirements for functional safety, compatibility of data exchange architectures and reliability management are considered as a normative and terminological basis. Specialized diagnostic methods of the main RTC subsystems are presented, systematized by node types. For mechanical components, vibroacoustic approaches are shown, including envelope analysis, ordinal methods, and time-frequency analysis used in non-stationary operating conditions. Methods of parametric degradation monitoring and model-based diagnostics are shown for the electrical and electronic parts. Mode-invariant methods using deep learning, such as convolutional neural networks for analyzing time-frequency representations of signals, are described for drives and actuators. Special attention is paid to the role of digital twins in failure modeling, synthetic data generation, and residual resource forecasting. The central place in the review is occupied by approaches to complex diagnostics at the level of the entire RTK. Architectural principles and modern intelligent technologies for integrating heterogeneous data are considered, such as probabilistic models for merging information in conditions of uncertainty, ontologies for semantic integration of knowledge and ensuring traceability of solutions, as well as hybrid neuro-symbolic architectures combining the power of pattern recognition with logical interpretability. The necessity of transition from isolated solutions to integrated diagnostic systems capable of supporting functional safety and adaptive management in conditions of partial failures is formulated. The key conclusion is the requirement for the development of standardized verification protocols providing for testing on independent modes and equipment instances, and the creation of a semantic-cognitive control loop combining diagnostics, forecasting, and planning for next-generation autonomous robotic systems.

Annotation: One of the design options for a mobile robot's navigation system is to use a free-of-charge navigation system (BINS) with a Zero-velocity Update (ZUPT) mechanism. This approach can provide good navigation accuracy for a mobile robot with highly noisy measurements. In pedestrian navigation methods, the BINS has no connection with the control system (CS) of the navigation object, which makes it difficult to apply the ZUPT correction method. In robots, the CS is present, so the BEANS can receive explicit information about the dynamic state of the object, which greatly increases the probability of correctly determining the resting phase. The proposed BINS algorithm is based on three basic principles: the mathematical model of the robot as a dynamic system is based on the laws of classical mechanics of Newton; the use of the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for data aggregation and assessment of the state of the system.; the application of the ZUPT navigation data correction method to reduce the error in determining the coordinates and orientation of the object. Performing ZUPT correction involves solving the problems of detecting the moment of stopping (zero speed) of the robot and directly correcting the parameters of the robot's condition. To detect zero speed, it is proposed to use a stop signal from the CS of robot. After reliably determining the moment of stopping, the robot's state vector is corrected and the covariance matrix of the state is adjusted. The paper presents an algorithm for the functioning of the BINS of a mobile robot and a functional scheme of the BINS. To test the operability of the mobile robot's BINS algorithm, the robot's BINS measuring module (MM) has been developed, which includes sensors of a low accuracy class. The results of experimental studies of the synthesized BINS operation algorithm conducted using the developed measuring module for the movement and navigation of a mobile robot along different trajectories are presented. In the course of experimental research, it was found that the developed algorithm, when using measurements from the one developed by the developed measuring module, allows determining the location of the robot with an error not exceeding 5% of the length of the traveled path.

Annotation: The article examines the model of determinacy of aviation events in the airspace of classes G and H in conjunction with the architectural model of interoperability generally accepted in the Russian Federation with the aim of finding ways to effectively and safely solve group problems of various aircraft, in particular unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). A method for group interaction of several UAS, as well as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) within a UAS, is proposed based on a three-level problem-oriented interoperability model. According to the Federal Corporation for the Development of Small and Medium-Sized Entrepreneurship (SME Corporation), the number of UAS and component manufacturers in the small and medium-sized enterprise segment will nearly double in 2025, from 356 in 2022 to 619 enterprises. The total number of such companies in Russia totals 889 organizations, including large businesses. This means that the annual increase in the number of aircraft in airspace will degrade its capacity and significantly impact air traffic safety. Therefore, additional measures are needed to ensure aircraft flight safety. This article proposes examining interoperability technology to ensure the efficient and safe use of airspace, particularly by unmanned aerial vehicles.

Annotation: The aim of the research is to improve the quality of streaming data processing in intelligent systems based on federated distributed computing — a synthesis of fog computing principles and federated learning. A model for quality optimization is proposed, distinguished by the integration of performance, accuracy, and resource consumption criteria into a single integral loss functional. Methods and algorithms have been developed for adaptive federated streaming data processing, combined learning mode, streaming feature transformation, associative federated aggregation of statistical structures, and an incremental decision tree, which together ensure coordinated parameter adaptation, robustness to asynchrony and concept drift, reduced latency, and improved quality of streaming data processing. Experimental validation on a heterogeneous testbed demonstrated a reduction in average latency and an increase in throughput while maintaining stable accuracy and complying with resource constraints. Recommendations have been formulated for the development of standards ISO/IEC TS 8200:2024, GOST R 59277–2020, and GOST R 57700.27–2020. It has been established that coordinated adaptation of synchronization frequency, compression ratio, and forgetting coefficient, combined with streaming preprocessing and associative aggregation, ensures a stable decrease of the integral loss functional. Further research is aimed at refining the applicability boundaries of the proposed solutions across load profiles and topologies, as well as enhancing reliability and fault-tolerance mechanisms.

Annotation: The article analyzes the complexity of modern designs of circuit boards for complex-functional microcircuits, mother multilayer printed circuit boards, the performance of modern heterogeneous computing equipment, the impact of delays in the graphical user interface of computer-aided design tools on the psychoemotional state and productivity of the developer, the availability of available database management systems (DBMS) capable of efficiently processing and visualizing a large number of multi-layered technical objects (MTO). It is indicated that programs available in Russia for automating the chip and printed circuit boards design have exhausted their capabilities for the effective development of modern multilayer printed circuit board designs, including substrate boards for Russian Elbrus microprocessors and motherboards for modules of computing complexes based on them, as the size of such projects has grown to one million MTOs. For the further successful design of domestic computing equipment, it is necessary to improve the development tools to a level that provides the ability to visualize and process at least one million MTO without leading to noticeable delays in the graphical user interface of the program. The requirements for the operational properties of a specialized DBMS are defined and justified, based on the scope of application for multilayer printed circuit boards of computing complexes and circuit boards of complex-functional microcircuits, which will increase the efficiency of working with MTO and provide visualization of modern projects with a standard popular FullHD resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels with an MTO number of at least 1 million at a speed of at least 25 frames per second, when performing typical interactive processing operations in engineering software on widely available heterogeneous computing equipment.

Annotation: This paper investigates adaptive level-of-detail control in 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) under limited computational budgets. We propose a frame-wise Gaussian selection method that estimates primitive importance in screen space and formulates computational load control as a budget-constrained optimization problem. The method combines a screen-space cost estimate with a hybrid predictor that captures both spatial and temporal image characteristics. To ensure consistent evaluation, we develop a reproducible experimental framework for collecting unified performance and quality metrics, including frame rate, rendering time, and image quality measures. The proposed approach is evaluated against gradient-based selection strategies on scenes of varying complexity. The results show that using screen-space cost as the selection criterion yields a more robust trade-off between image quality and performance than gradient-based alternatives while remaining suitable for real-time applications. The proposed problem formulation, reproducible experimental setup, and unified set of metrics can be used in the development of standardized procedures for the comparative evaluation of adaptive rendering methods.

Annotation: This paper investigates microarchitectures of processor cores intended for synthesis on field-programmable gate array (FPGAs) and for use within heterogeneous massively parallel computing systems on chip. The relevance of this work is determined by the limitations of further performance scaling of general-purpose processors and the necessity of transitioning toward specialized computing architectures optimized for specific classes of algorithms. The aim of the study is to analyze promising architectures of synthesizable control processor cores and to evaluate the impact of their microarchitecture design decisions on timing and resource characteristics when employed as components of massively parallel computing systems. The paper considers the requirements imposed on processor cores operating within computing clusters and identifies the reason for the inefficiency of conventional general-purpose processors under conditions of large-scale replication on a single chip. The theoretical section examines processor architectures with minimal pipeline depth implementing “fetch-execute” and “fetch-decode-execute” schemes. The application of data forwarding mechanisms in both the datapath and the control flow path is analyzed, and their influence on critical path formation and latency caused by violations of linear instruction execution order is discussed. Experimental studies were conducted using the Vivado computer-aided design environment for FPGA devices of the Artix-7 and Virtex UltraScale+ families. A comparative evaluation of single-cycle, two-stage and three-stage pipeline architectures with and without bypass mechanisms was performed. The primary evaluation metric was the maximum achievable clock frequency determined through static timing analysis. The obtained results demonstrate that increasing the number of pipeline stages has a significantly greater impact on the achievable frequency characteristics of the processor core than the use of data forwarding schemes, whose influence is limited by the specific features of the considered class of control processors. The results demonstrate that increasing the number of pipeline stages has a significantly greater impact on the achievable frequency characteristics of the processor core than the use of data forwarding schemes, whose influence is limited by the specific features of the considered class of control processors. The results of this study can be applied in the design of specialized and heterogeneous FPGA-based computing systems, as well as in the development of processor cores for massively parallel computing architectures.